Excommunication can either be what is excommunication imposed through the in a position authority (commonly a bishop) through a canonical manner. In such cases, the movement might be cited in canon law and the code could call for the able authority to punish with a “simply penalty.” If the equipped authority felt in those precise circumstances a just penalty would be excommunication, he could then difficulty the decree.
The different way it may be imposed via canon regulation itself while positive movements take location. This one is known as latae sententiae or “automatic” excommunication. Automatic excommunication takes place while someone commits an act that is specifically punished in canon regulation by a penalty of automated excommunication.
Unless the canon reserves removal of the penalty to the Holy See, the local regular can remit the excommunication, or he can delegate that authority to the clergymen of his diocese (which maximum bishops do inside the case of abortion).